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There are lots of possible symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome. The condition affects people differently.
Some people have mild symptoms. Some have more severe symptoms that affect their daily life.
Common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include:
If your mouth is very dry, you may have other problems, such as difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), tooth decay and gum disease.
Other symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome can include:
There may be times when your symptoms get worse (flare-ups) and times when they're better (remission).
It's not known exactly why this happens, but it's thought that certain things, such as overdoing it and not resting enough, may trigger your symptoms or make them worse.
There are other conditions that can cause similar symptoms to Sjögren's syndrome.
The GP will check for the more common causes and may refer you to some specialists for further tests.
Tests used to help diagnose Sjögren's syndrome include:
Sometimes you may also have an ultrasound scan or a urine test.
There's currently no cure for Sjögren's syndrome, but there are treatments that can help manage your symptoms.
The type of treatment you need will depend on the symptoms you have and how they're affecting you.
A doctor can prescribe medicines to:
You may be able to get some treatments for eye, mouth and skin symptoms from a pharmacist including eye drops, moisturising skin cream, mouth gel and mouthwash.
If Sjögren's syndrome is affecting your daily life, there are some things you can do to help ease the symptoms.
drink plenty of water
brush your teeth 2 or 3 times a day using fluoride toothpaste, chew sugar-free gum and have dental check-ups every 6 months
use a humidifier and put plants in your home to increase the amount of water vapour in the air
wear sunglasses with enclosed sides when outside to help stop your eyes drying out
have regular eye checks
eat a healthy, balanced diet – in particular, include foods rich in omega-3, such as oily fish and walnuts
take painkillers, such as paracetamol, to ease muscle and joint pain – if this does not work your doctor may need to prescribe a stronger painkiller
use vaginal moisturiser if you need to, and a water-based lubricant during sex
do not smoke
do not spend too long in smoky, dry, dusty or windy places, or in air-conditioned or heated rooms
do not use soap that makes your skin dry – you can use emollients
do not use perfumed products in and around your vagina
do not eat too much sugary, salty and acidic food and drink, such as tomatoes, citrus fruits and fizzy drinks
do not read, watch television or look at screens for long periods as this can make your eyes dry
Sjögren's syndrome affects everyone who has it differently.
You may be able to work and continue doing your usual activities. But if your symptoms are more severe, it can affect your daily life.
For example, a dry mouth can make eating difficult, and dry eyes may cause vision problems. You may also have muscle and joint pain and feel tired all the time.
Speak to your doctor if your symptoms are a problem for you.
Most people with Sjögren's syndrome live into old age and have the same life expectancy as the general population.
If you have Sjögren's syndrome, you're more likely to have other problems.
Your care team will make sure you get treatment if you have any of these conditions.
They include:
If you have Sjögren's syndrome, your chance of having some complications in pregnancy is increased. For example, there's an increased risk of miscarriage.
Talk to your care team if you're planning to get pregnant or you're in the early stages of pregnancy.
Sjögren's syndrome happens when your immune system attacks the glands that produce fluid.
It's not clear why this happens, but it may be:
More women get Sjögren's syndrome than men.
Sjögren's syndrome can be a difficult condition to live with, both physically and emotionally.
As well as support from your doctor, you may find it helpful to get support from other people with the condition, either at a local support group or online.
There are also national charities that can offer support and information.
Information and support for anyone affected by Sjögren's syndrome.
Information and support for people affected by arthritis and related conditions, including Sjögren's syndrome.
